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DAO.EXE - CDROM DISC-AT-ONCE RECORDING PROGRAM
>>> PROGRAM DESCRIPTION <<<
DAO.EXE uses the "disc-at-once" recording method to make AUDIO,
CDROM (Mode1), CDROM-XA (Mode2), CDI, CD+G, and MIXED-MODE discs.
The discs will be either "redbook" or "yellowbook" compatible and
can be used as masters for commercial CDROM production. You are
required to write a CUE SHEET file for each disc which defines (among
other things) the data files to be written and the starting time of
each track/index point. This information is used to build the table
of contents and subcode-Q data on the recorded disc. DAO gives you
complete control over the track/index layout when creating audio
discs. It is possible to define variable length "pause areas" between
tracks (down to zero!) and to define subindexes to other points within
a track.
NOTE: The SNAPSHOT program can generate cue sheets for existing discs
automatically.
WARNING: This program is NOT freeware or shareware. If you have not
purchased and registered the fully-functional version, then you have
an illegal copy.
***********************************************************************
>>> LIST OF SUPPORTED RECORDERS <<<
Please refer to the following web page for the latest list of
supported devices...
http://www.goldenhawk.com/devices.htm
***********************************************************************
>>> COMMAND LINE USAGE <<<
Usage: DAO <cuefile> [logfile] [/ID=ha:id:lun] [/BATCH] [/BEEP]
[/CACHE=n] [/COPIES=n] [/EJECT] [/NOCONFIRM] [/NOUNDERRUN]
[/SESSION] [/SPEED=n] [/RAW] [/TEST] [/TRANSPORT] [/UNLOCK]
cuefile - Cue sheet filename
logfile - Disc layout log filename (optional)
/ID - SCSI ID of CD recorder (default is first found)
/BATCH - Disable all messages and confirmation prompts
/BEEP - Issue an audible 'beep' when recording has finished
/CACHE=n - Cache size in megabytes (32-bit version only)
/COPIES=n - Number of discs to be recorded (default is 1)
/EJECT - Eject CD when recording has finished
/NOCONFIRM - Disable all confirmation prompts
/NOUNDERRUN - Enable buffer underrun protection (if supported by recorder)
/RAW - Enable RAW recording mode (if supported by recorder)
/SESSION - Enable session-at-once recording (default is disc-at-once)
/SPEED=n - Recording speed (default is maximum)
/TEST - Enable test recording mode
/TRANSPORT - Use KODAK disc transporter
/UNLOCK - Unlock all programs from demonstration mode
/ID=ha:id:lun - Specifies the SCSI ID of the CD recorder.
"ha" = Host adpater number (usually zero)
"id" = SCSI ID number
"lun" = Logical unit number (usually zero)
/BEEP - Issues a series of audible "beeps" on the PC speaker to
indicate that the recording has completed. Under Windows 95, this
only works if you have a sound card installed.
/COPIES - Specifies the number of copies that you want to make of the
disc. If you are making more than one copy, then you will be prompted to
insert a new disc after each recording even if /NOCONFIRM is specified.
/EJECT - Ejects the CD (or opens the tray) after recording has completed.
/NOCONFIRM - Disables all confirmation prompts on the screen.
/NOWARN - Disables all warning messages on the screen.
/SESSION - This will cause a new session to be opened on the disc
after the current session is finalized. This allows for the creation
of multisession discs. NOTE: This option is only supported on Philips
compatible recorders.
/SPEED - Recording speed (the default is the maximum allowed by the
selected CD recorder).
/TEST - This option is used to temporarily disable the recording laser
inside the CD recorder. A test recording takes just as long as writing
the disc for real. This option is used to make sure that your system
is properly configured and is capable of writing a disc at the selected
recording speed. You should use this option when you are using this
software for the first time or have made a significant change to your
hardware, such as installing a different recorder, SCSI card, or
motherboard. You must have a blank disc inside the recorder when using
this option (even though it is not written to). If you wish to write
the disc for real after the test recording, then you must eject the
blank disc and insert it back into the recorder.
***********************************************************************
>>> COMMON USER ERRORS <<<
1) TRACK TIMES - Track times are specified in minutes, seconds, and
frames (e.g. 02:48:25). There are 75 frames per second. If you are
using a WAV file editor to get your audio track times, it probably
doesn't display the times in this format, so you will have to convert
them. Most editors display time in either 30 frames per second or
in hundreths/thousanths of a second.
2) TRACKS LESS THAN 4 SECONDS LONG - The CDROM specification does not
allow any tracks or indexes (other than index zero) to be less than
four seconds long. DAO will warn you about any tracks that violate
this rule. Most (or all) CD recorders will refuse to record a CD with
this violation.
3) PREGAPS GREATER THAN 3 SECONDS LONG - Some recorders will refuse to
record a disc with any pregaps that exceed three seconds in length.
On the first track, you automatically get a pregap of two seconds,
which is required by the CDROM spec. Unless you are doing something
very odd, you should never need to extend the pregap of the first
track (i.e. don't use the PREGAP command on the first track).
4) DATA LENGTH NOT A MULTIPLE OF THE CDROM SECTOR SIZE - If you are
using an audio (WAV) file where the length of the data is not an
exact multiple of the CDROM sector size (2352), then the last sector
must be padded out with zeros when it is written to the recorder.
This can cause a tiny "tick" between tracks. If you are making a disc
from a live recording that has been broken up into several files,
then you must make sure that each file is an exact multiple of the
CDROM sector size. Otherwise, there will not be a perfectly seamless
transition between tracks.
***********************************************************************
>>> IMPORTANT! PLEASE READ THIS <<<
When using DAO recording mode on *all* recorders except the
Philips, you may notice that your PC appears to hang (i.e. no disk
activity) soon after recording begins. Dont panic! This is completely
normal. Let me explain why... When you start DAO recording mode,
the recorder will keep accepting data until its internal cache
becomes almost full. At this point, it "disconnects" itself from the
SCSI bus and starts to write the leadin track automatically. Writing
the leadin takes approximately two minutes (at 2x speed). Once the
leadin has been written, the recorder "reconnects" itself to the SCSI
bus and starts writing the first user track beginning with the data
that it had buffered prior to writing the leadin. Disk activity will
then resume normally. As soon as the last user track has been written,
the recorder will once again disconnect itself to write the leadout
track and the PC will appear to hang again. All Philips recorders do
not exhibit this behavior because it is the responsibilty of the
application program (e.g. DAO.EXE) to write the leadin and leadout
tracks. Disconnect and reconnect are features of the SCSI protocol.
It allows a device to stop using the SCSI bus during long operations,
so that other devices may use it.
***********************************************************************
>>> CUE SHEET FILES <<<
You must write a CUE SHEET file (using any text editor) for each
disc to be recorded. This file defines all of the files to be written
and the starting times of each track/index point.
The following commands are currently recognized...
CATALOG, FILE, TRACK, INDEX, FLAGS, PREGAP, POSTGAP, ISRC, and REM.
========================================================================
>> CATALOG Command
This command is used to specify the disc's "media catalog number".
It will typically be used only when mastering a CD for commercial
disc production.
Syntax : CATALOG <media-catalog-number>
Example: CATALOG 1234567890123
Rules : The catalog number must be 13 digits long and is encoded
according to UPC/EAN rules. This command can appear only
once in the CUE SHEET file (it will usually be the first
line, although this isn't mandatory).
========================================================================
>> FILE Command
This command is used to specify a data file that will be written
to the CD recorder.
Syntax : FILE <filename> <filetype>
filename - File name (can include device/directory).
Note: If the name contains any spaces, then it must be
enclosed in quotation marks.
filetype - File type.
The following filetypes are allowed...
BINARY - Intel binary file
MOTOROLA - Motorola binary file
WAVE - Audio WAVE file
AIFF - Audio AIFF file
MP3 - Audio MP3 file
Note: All audio files must be 44.1KHz 16-bit stereo format
and MP3 files are only supported in the 32-bit DOS version.
Example: FILE C:\DATA\TRACK1.ISO BINARY
FILE C:\MUSIC\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
FILE "C:\MUSIC\LONG FILENAME.WAV" WAVE
Rules : FILE commands must appear before any other command
except CATALOG.
NOTE: For AUDIO files only, if the length of the file is not an
exact multiple of 2352 bytes, then the last sector will be padded
with zeros.
========================================================================
>> TRACK Command
This command is used to specify a track number and the type
of data that will written in the track.
Syntax : TRACK <number> <datatype>
number - Track number (1-99)
datatype - Track datatype
The following datatypes are allowed...
AUDIO - Audio/Music (2352)
CDG - Karaoke CD+G (2448)
MODE1/2048 - CDROM Mode1 Data (cooked)
MODE1/2352 - CDROM Mode1 Data (raw)
MODE2/2336 - CDROM-XA Mode2 Data (cooked)
MODE2/2352 - CDROM-XA Mode2 Data (raw)
CDI/2336 - CDI Mode2 Data (cooked)
CDI/2352 - CDI Mode2 Data (raw)
Supported datatypes and blocksizes (by recorder model)...
AUDIO AUDIO MODE1 MODE1 MODE2 MODE2
2352 2448 2048 2352 2336 2352
-------------------------------------------
OLYMPUS | Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
PHILIPS | Yes No No Yes No Yes
PINNACLE | Yes No Yes No Yes No
SONY | Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
YAMAHA | Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
-------------------------------------------
Example: TRACK 1 MODE1/2048
TRACK 20 AUDIO
Rules : All track numbers must be between 1 and 99 inclusive.
The first track number can be greater than one, but
all track numbers after the first must be sequential.
You must specify at least one track per file.
=======================================================================
>> INDEX Command
This command is used to specify indexes (or subindexes) within a track.
Syntax : INDEX <number> <mm:ss:ff>
number - Index number (0-99).
mm:ss:ff - Starting time in minutes, seconds, and frames.
(75 frames per second!) All times are relative
to the beginning of the current file.
Example: INDEX 01 00:00:00
INDEX 05 02:34:50
Rules : All index numbers must be between 0 and 99 inclusive.
The first index of any track must be 0 or 1 with all
other indexes being sequential to the first. The first
index of a file must start at 00:00:00.
INDEX 0 - Specifies the starting time of the track "pregap".
INDEX 1 - Specifies the starting time of the track data.
This is the only index that is recorded in the
disc's table-of-contents.
INDEX > 1 - Subindex within a track (most CD *players* do
not support subindexes).
========================================================================
>> FLAGS Command
This command is used to set a track's subcode flags. These flags
are rarely used on any discs made today.
Syntax : FLAGS <flags>...
flags - Specifies one or more track flags.
The following flags are allowed...
DCP - Digital copy permitted
4CH - Four channel audio
PRE - Pre-emphasis
Example: FLAGS DCP
FLAGS 4CH PRE
Rules : The FLAGS command must appear after a TRACK command,
but before any INDEX commands. Only one FLAGS command
is allowed per track.
NOTE: There is a fourth subcode flag called "DATA" which is set
for all non-audio tracks. This flag is set automatically based
on the datatype of the track.
========================================================================
>> PREGAP Command
This command is used to specify the length of a track pregap.
The pregap is generated internally by DAO. No data is consumed
from the current data file.
Syntax : PREGAP <mm:ss:ff>
mm:ss:ff - Specifies the length of the pregap in minutes,
seconds, and frames (75 frames per second!).
Example: PREGAP 00:02:00
Rules : The PREGAP command must appear after a TRACK command,
but before any INDEX commands. Only one PREGAP command
is allowed per track.
========================================================================
>> POSTGAP Command
This command is used to specify the length of a track postgap.
The postgap is generated internally by DAO. No data is consumed
from the current data file.
Syntax : POSTGAP <mm:ss:ff>
mm:ss:ff - Specifies the length of the postgap in minutes,
seconds, and frames (75 frames per second!).
Example: POSTGAP 00:02:00
Rules : The POSTGAP command must appear after all INDEX commands
for the current track. Only one POSTGAP command is allowed
per track.
========================================================================
>> ISRC Command
This command is used to specify a track's "International Standard
Recording Code" (ISRC). It will typically be used only when mastering
a CD for commercial disc production.
Syntax : ISRC <code>
Example: ISRC ABCDE1234567
Rules : The ISRC must be 12 characters in length. The first
five characters are alphanumeric, but the last seven
are numeric only. If it it used, the ISRC command must
be specified after a TRACK command, but before any
INDEX commands.
========================================================================
>> REM Command
This command is used to put comments in your CUE SHEET file.
Syntax : REM <comment>
Example: REM This is a comment
Rules : None.
========================================================================
>>> EXAMPLE CUE SHEETS <<<
EXAMPLE #1 - Audio disc from a single data file with no "pause areas"
between tracks.
FILE C:\MYAUDIO.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 02 AUDIO
INDEX 01 05:50:65
TRACK 03 AUDIO
INDEX 01 09:47:50
TRACK 04 AUDIO
INDEX 01 15:12:53
TRACK 05 AUDIO
INDEX 01 25:02:40
TRACK 06 AUDIO
INDEX 01 27:34:05
TRACK 07 AUDIO
INDEX 01 31:58:53
TRACK 08 AUDIO
INDEX 01 35:08:65
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #2 - Audio disc from multiple data files (one track per file)
with no "pause areas" between tracks.
FILE C:\TRACK1.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
TRACK 02 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK3.WAV WAVE
TRACK 03 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\TRACK4.WAV WAVE
TRACK 04 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
The data files will be recorded continuously with no gaps between
them. However, if a data file is not an exact multiple of the CDROM
sector size (2352 bytes), then the last sector will be automatically
padded with zeros. This could result in a gap between tracks with a
maximum length of 1/75th second.
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #3 - Audio disc using multiple data files (multiple tracks
per file) with no "pause areas" between tracks.
FILE C:\TRACK1.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 02 AUDIO
INDEX 01 05:50:65
TRACK 03 AUDIO
INDEX 01 09:47:50
TRACK 04 AUDIO
INDEX 01 15:12:53
FILE C:\TRACK2.WAV WAVE
TRACK 05 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00 ; Times are relative to beginning of current file
TRACK 06 AUDIO
INDEX 01 02:31:40
TRACK 07 AUDIO
INDEX 01 06:56:13
TRACK 08 AUDIO
INDEX 01 10:06:25
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #4 - Audio disc with "pause areas" (pregaps).
FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 02 AUDIO
INDEX 00 05:49:65 ; 1 second pregap
INDEX 01 05:50:65
TRACK 03 AUDIO
INDEX 00 09:45:50 ; 2 second pregap
INDEX 01 09:47:50
TRACK 04 AUDIO
INDEX 00 15:09:53 ; 3 second pregap
INDEX 01 15:12:53
The pause areas are written with data from the current file. It is
not required that this data be "digital silence" (all zeros).
The first track always begins with a mandatory two second pregap.
This is required by the CDROM specification and is generated
automatically by the software.
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #5 - Using the PREGAP command.
FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
PREGAP 00:01:00 ; adds an additional one second to
INDEX 01 00:00:00 ; the first track pregap.
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV WAVE
TRACK 02 AUDIO
PREGAP 00:02:00
INDEX 01 00:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO3.WAV WAVE
TRACK 03 AUDIO
PREGAP 00:01:00
INDEX 00 00:00:00
INDEX 01 00:01:00
The pregaps that are written as a result of the PREGAP command are
always generated internally by DAO. They do not consume data from
the current file. Is is possible to mix the source of the pregaps as
shown in TRACK 03... one second of pregap will be generated internally
and another second will be consumed from the file. All pregaps that
are generated internally contain "digital silence" (all zeros).
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #6 - Using the CATALOG, ISRC, and INDEX commands.
CATALOG 3898347789120
FILE C:\MYAUDIO1.WAV WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
ISRC ABCDE1234567
INDEX 01 00:00:00
INDEX 02 02:00:00
INDEX 03 04:00:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO2.WAV WAVE
TRACK 02 AUDIO
ISRC XYZZY0000000
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 03 AUDIO
ISRC 123456789012
INDEX 00 03:00:00
INDEX 01 03:02:00
INDEX 02 05:34:32
INDEX 03 08:12:49
INDEX 04 10:01:74
**********************************************************************
>>> HOW TO MAKE A "DATA" DISC <<<
A "DATA" disc refers to any disc where the first track is *not*
audio. This track can be either CDROM (Mode1) or CDROM-XA (Mode2).
It is also possible to make a "mixed-mode" disc where the first track
is DATA and all other tracks are AUDIO.
To make a DATA disc, you must have a program that can build an
ISO9660 image file for you (or copy an ISO data track from an existing
disc). After you have prepared the ISO file, here is the procedure to
record the disc using DAO...
1) If you are using any of the Philips recorders, you must convert
your ISO9660 image file to raw CDROM sectors using the program
ISO2RAW.EXE. This is *mandatory* since these recorders will only
accept raw sectors in disc-at-once recording mode.
2) Write a CUE SHEET.
3) Use DAO.EXE to record the disc.
**********************************************************************
>>> EXAMPLE CUE SHEETS FOR "DATA" and "MIXED-MODE" DISCS <<<
EXAMPLE #1 - Single track DATA disc (non-PHILIPS recorders).
FILE C:\MYDATA.ISO BINARY
TRACK 01 MODE1/2048
INDEX 01 00:00:00
POSTGAP 00:02:00 ; Must add postgap to track!!
NOTE: The POSTGAP command is not needed if the ISO data was copied from
the track of an existing disc (the postgap will already be part of the
track). On the other hand, if you built the file using an ISO formatting
program, then you must add a postgap.
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #2 - Single track DATA disc (using a "raw image file").
FILE C:\MYDATA.RAW BINARY
TRACK 01 MODE1/2352
INDEX 01 00:00:00
POSTGAP 00:02:00
NOTE: The POSTGAP command is optional depending on whether or not
you already added the postgap with the ISO2RAW program.
========================================================================
EXAMPLE #3 - Mixed-mode Disc (one data track and three audio tracks).
FILE C:\MYDATA.ISO BINARY
TRACK 01 MODE1/2048
INDEX 01 00:00:00
POSTGAP 00:02:00
FILE C:\MYAUDIO.WAV WAVE
TRACK 02 AUDIO
PREGAP 00:02:00
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 03 AUDIO
INDEX 01 05:50:65
TRACK 04 AUDIO
INDEX 01 09:47:50
NOTE: You *must* have a PREGAP (minimum of 2 seconds) between the data
track and the first audio track.
**********************************************************************
Please send all suggestions, comments, and bug reports to...
Golden Hawk Technology
909 Columbia Circle
Merrimack, NH 03054
Phone: 603-429-1008
FAX : 603-429-0073
URL : http://www.goldenhawk.com
EMAIL: support@goldenhawk.com
**********************************************************************
Updated on JANUARY 27, 2002